ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the efficacy, safety, procedural success and long-term clinical outcome in patients underwent percutaneous carotid stenting with distal device.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Percutaneous carotid stents with distal device were implanted to 58 patients with 59 significant (> 75%) carotid artery stenosis (49 men, mean age 68 years) between January 2000 to December 2005. Forty-five out of 58 patients were symptomatic, 35 had coronary artery diseases and 10 had previous strokes.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Sixty one carotid stenting were implanted to 59 lesions in 58 patients. Stents with filter devices were successfully implanted in 57 out of 58 (98%) patients. Angioplasty success rate was 100%. Aspirin (300 mg/d) and Clopidogrel (75 mg x 2/d) were administered 3 days prior operation and clopidogrel was discontinued 30 days post stenting and aspirin was continued at dose of 100 mg/d. The percentage of stenotic carotid artery reduced from 85.3% to 6.2% after stenting and the diameter increased from 1.3 +/- 0.9 mm to 5.2 +/- 1.1 mm. Two minor strokes (3.4%) occurred during operation and at 14 days post stenting. All patients were discharged from the hospital after an average of 2.5 days hospitalization. At 14 +/- 2 months follow up, all patients survived and there were 2 asymptomatic restenosis (50% and 70% and the latter underwent successful balloon angioplasty), 2 myocardial infarctions (1 non-Q wave and 1 Q wave myocardial infarction, all underwent successful emergent PCI) and 2 minor strokes occurred at 6 and 8 months post stenting.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Carotid stenting with distal device appears to be safe and effective in treating patients with carotid artery stenosis.</p>
Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Angioplasty, Balloon , Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation , Methods , Carotid Stenosis , Therapeutics , Follow-Up Studies , Stents , StrokeABSTRACT
Objictive The estrogen_like activities of environmental estrogens mediated by estrogen receptor (ER) may be assayed through measuring the expressed product of the reporter gene in the recombinant yeast. Methods The recombinant yeast YM_ADER_ERE was obtained by transformation of pGAD_hER and pLacZi_2ERE, the yeast expression vector of full_length human ER cDNA and reporter vector controlled by estrogen response element (ERE) which were constructed successfully in the lab, by means of the lithium acetate method. Results The activity of ?_galactosidase, the expressed product of the reporter gene lacZ in the yeast YM_ADER_ERE, increased significantly when added in the natural estrogen 17?_estradiol (E2) compared to DMSO. In the experiment with E2 at the final concentration of 10-15 to 10-7 mol/L, the maximum effect (EAmax) and the median effect concentration (EC50) of E2 in the yeast were 94.31 U and 0.34 nmol/L respectively. Conclusion The expression of the reporter gene in the recombinant yeast was dependent on the estrogen ligand, which met with the design idea and requirement of the assay system for environmental estrogens and indicated preliminarily that the recombinant yeast estrogen system (RYES) was established successfully.
ABSTRACT
Objective To understand the environmental estrogens contamination of tap water and source water. Methods Environmental estrogens in the water samples were concentrated by macroporous adsorption resin H103. The effect of environmental estrogens in concentrated samples was assessed by the recombinant yeast system. Results The results showed that some source water and tap water really contained environmental estrogens. The activity of environmental estrogens in concentrated samples of some source water increased as the volume of concentrated sample increased. The concentrate of 100 ml water sample could show the estrogenic effect. Conclusion Some source waters and tap waters in China have been contaminated by environmental estrogens. Environmental estrogens in source water can not be removed completely by drinking water treatment system of city.